Ulysses S. Grant, the hardscrabble man who regularly smoked 20 cigars a day, had developed terminal throat cancer. Thus began Grant's final battle - a race against his own failing health to complete his Personal Memoirs in an attempt to secure his family's financial security. But the project evolved into something far more: an effort to secure the very meaning of the Civil War itself and how it would be remembered.

Chris Mackowski, Ph.D., is the cofounder of Emerging Civil War. He has authored more than a dozen books and penned articles for Civil War Times, America's Civil War, Hallowed Ground and Blue & Gray. Chris is a writing professor at St. Bonaventure University in Alleghany, NY, and historian-in-residence at Stevenson Ridge, a historic property on the Spottsylvania Battlefield. 

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